STAFF

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

B.Sc. Degree Programme in Anatomy
            
PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES

PHILOSOPHY
The Philosophy of the Anatomy programme is to provide a sound foundation in the study of structures and functions of the human body, critical for a good professional degree in Medicine and allied fields; and for advanced studies necessary for teaching anatomy and multidisciplinary medical research activities.  Through acquisition of generic skills, the well grounded graduate of the programme can engage in other entrepreneurial activities including self employment.

OBJECTIVES:
(i)         to provide students with a comprehensive knowledge-base and practical skills in the structural   organization of the human body; in preparation for the clinical programme in medicine and allied fields;

(ii)     to develop in students, practical and technical skills for advanced study through instructions on the anatomical basis of physical diagnoses and radiology;

(iii)     to develop in students the ability to apply the theoretical knowledge to normal functions and dysfunctions of the body;

(iv)    to provide the appropriate environment that gives students the opportunity to carryout intellectual inquiry through acquisition of relevant skills in critical thinking, creativity, independent and collaborative working skills;

(v)    to develop generic skills in the students; which will be applicable for self engagement and profitable performance in other fields of endeavour including entrepreneurship.

A.    LIST OF COURSES BY LEVELS
100 LEVEL
Course Code   Course Title                          Credit(s)
BLY 112        Animal Diversity                    3
BLY 113        The Vertebrate Body              2
CHM 110       Physical Chemistry I              3
CHM 117       Physical Chemistry Practical I  1
CHM 120       Organic Chemistry I               3
CHM 137       Organic Chemistry Practical I   1
PHY 111        Heat, Sound and Optics          3
PHY 119        Practical Physics I                  1
PHY 121        Electricity and Magnetism I     3
PHY 129        Practical Physics II                 1
GST 110        Use of English                       2
GST 113        Christian Education                2
GST 122        Introduction to Information and Communication
                   Technology                           2
GST 123        Library and Information Literacy Skills 2

200 LEVEL
ANA 201        Gross Anatomy of the Upper Limbs 3
ANA 202        Gross Anatomy of the Thorax         2
ANA 203        General Embryology                      3
ANA 204        Systemic Embryology I                   2
ANA 205        General Histology (Basic Tissues)    2
ANA 206        Systemic Histology I                      2
ANA 207        Genetics                        1
ANA 208        Gross Anatomy of Lower Limbs       3
PHS 201        Biostatistics and Demography         3
PHS 211        General Principles of Physiology      3
BCH 211        General Biochemistry I                  2
GST 201        Studies in Entrepreneurship and New Ventures 2
GST 216        History and Philosophy of Science   1
GST 228        Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution 2

300 LEVEL
ANA 301        Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis
                   and Perineum                               3
ANA  302        Gross Anatomy of the Head and Neck 3
ANA  303        Systemic Histology II                   2
ANA 304        Neuroanatomy                             2
ANA 305        Systemic Embryology II                 2
ANA 306        Systemic Embryology III               2
ANA 307        Entrepreneurial Anatomy               2
ANA 308        Systemic Histology III                  2
ANA 309        Systemic Histology for Non-Anatomy Students 3
ANA 310        Anatomy Laboratory Techniques     3
PHS  326        Neurophysiology I                       3
BCH 341        Chemistry of Macromolecules        3
BCH 342        Metabolism of Macromolecules      3
GST 301        Culture and Civilization in Africa     1
GST 302        Studies in Philosophy and Logic      1

400 LEVEL
ANA 401        Advanced Developmental Anatomy 3
ANA 402        Comparative Anatomy                  3
ANA 403        Histochemistry and Cytochemistry  2
ANA 404        Evolution                                    3
ANA 405        Advanced Gross Anatomy              3
ANA 406        Microscopic Techniques                 3
ANA 407        Applied and Clinical Anatomy        3
ANA 409        Seminar                                     2
ANA 410        Principles of Immunology             3
ANA 411        Surface Anatomy and  Anthropometry 3
ANA 412        Radiological Anatomy                   3
ANA 413        Introduction to Forensic Anthropology 3
ANA 499        Research Project                          5

B.    SUMMARY OF DEPARTMENTAL GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
          (No. of credits in brackets)

100 LEVEL
CORE:
BLY 112(3), BLY 113(2), CHM 110(3), CHM 117(1), CHM 120(3), CHM 137(1), PHY 111(3), PHY 119(1), PHY 121(3), PHY 129(1), GST 110(2), GST 113(2), GST 122(2), GST 123(2).
Total                                            29 Credits
 
ELECTIVES:
Students are advised to register for not less than 1 credit from the following courses: BLY 120(3), BLY 121(3), CHM 121(2), CHM 127(1), PHY 110(2) with the permission of the Head of Department.

200 LEVEL
CORE:
ANA 201(3), ANA 202(2), ANA 203(3), ANA 204(2), ANA 205(2), ANA 206(2), ANA 208(3), BCH 211(2), PHS 201(3), GST 201(2), GST 216(1), GST 228(2).
Total                                            27 Credits

ELECTIVES:
Students are advised to register for not less than 3 credits from the following courses: ANA 207(1), PHS 211(3), PHS 213(2), PHS 222(2), BCH 212(2) with the permission of the Head of Department.
                                  
300 LEVEL
CORE:
ANA 301(3), ANA 302(3), ANA 303(2), ANA 304(2), ANA 305(2), ANA 306(2), ANA 307(2), ANA 308(2), ANA 310(3), BCH 341(3), PHS 326(3), GST 301(1), GST 302(1).  
Total                                              29 Credits

ELECTIVES:
Students are advised to register for not less than 1 credit from the following courses: ANA 309(3), PHS 315(3), PHS 319(2), PHS 323(2), PHS 324(2), PHS 326(3), PHA 301(2), PHA 302(3), BCH 342(3), CHM 314(2) with the permission of the Head of Department.

400 LEVEL
CORE:
ANA 401(3), ANA 402(3), ANA 403(2), ANA 404(3), ANA 405(3), ANA 406(3), ANA 409(2), ANA 411(3), ANA 499(5).
Total                                              27 Credits

ELECTIVES:
Students are advised to register for not less than 3 credits from the following courses: ANA 407(3), ANA 410(3), ANA 412(3), ANA 413(3), PHS 411(3) with the permission of the Head of Department.

C.     COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
100 LEVEL
Details of 100 Level Course Descriptions as given at the offering Departments

200 LEVEL
ANA 201    GROSS ANATOMY UPPER LIMBS    3 Credits
Introduction to Anatomy: Definition of Science and Anatomy. Methods of studying Anatomy. Medical and Anatomical Terminologies. Body Systems- Skeletal system (bone classification and joints), Muscular System (muscle types and movements), Blood system and the cardiovascular system. Lymphatics and the lymphatic system. The nervous system in summary; structural and functional adaptations in all systems.
Upper Limbs: Osteology of pectoral ‘girdle’, free upper limb bones. Joints of the upper limbs   Pectoral region, axilla, brachial plexus, arm, forearm, cubital fossa carpal tunnel, hand, nerve injuries, shoulder, elbow and wrist joints vascular anastomoses.  Blood supply, and drainage, lymphatic drainage of the breast and upper limb innervations. Mammary gland.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 202    GROSS ANATOMY OF THE THORAX    2 Credits
Osteology of the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae .Gross anatomy of the thorax. Gross anatomy of the nasal cavity, Paranasal air sinuses, larynx, trachea, lungs, the heart and great vessels, thoracic duct, dissection of the thorax. Anatomy of the upper GIT; intercostal spaces, typical lungs, various subdivisions of the Mediastinum, diaphragm, autonomic nervous system.  Respiratory movements. The heart and the vascular tree including the lymphatic channels, Gross and microscopic anatomy of the heart and great vessels.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 203    GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY    3 Credits
Definitions, terminologies in embryology and developmental biology, origin of germ cells, spermatogenesis and oogenesis, sex determination, mitosis.  Events leading to fertilization, cleavage, implantation, placenta and its formation.  Structures of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal origins.  Embryogenesis of different organs.  Developmental anomalies.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 204    SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY I    2 Credits
Development aspects of cardiovascular system, Angiogenesis; the primitive heart and great blood vessels. Foetal and Neonatal circulation. Congenital abnormalities of the heart and great vessels; Integumentary system. Respiratory system, digestive system, development anomalies, clinical syndromes.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 205    GENERAL HISTOLOGY (BASIC TISSUES)    2 Credits
Cytology, cell membrane, cell metabolism, components of the cells, cell cycle chromosomes, protein secretion and transcription of DNA.  Methods in Histology, introduction to light microscopy, electron microscopy and units of measurement.  General Histology, basic tissues of the body, the epithelia, connective tissues, muscles nervous tissue and lymphoid organs.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 206    SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY I    2 Credits
Histology of the cardiovascular system, skin, glands of the skin, nails, structures of the hair, histology of the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system, electron microscopic observation of organs such as the heart, Lungs, Stomach, Small and Large Intestines, Liver, Pancreas and the Skin.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 207    GENETICS    1 Credit
Introduction to genetics.  Heritable and non-heritable characteristics, patterns of inheritance, human chromosomes. Cytogenetics and karyotyping, types of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations and their causes.
15h(T).

ANA 208    GROSS ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMBS    3 Credits
Osteology of the lower limbs. Joints of the lower limbs. Inguinal region, gluteal region, front and back of the thigh.  Popliteal region, flexor and extensor compartments of the leg.  The foot and its arches.  Blood supply and innervations of the lower limb, lumbrosacral plexus, femoral triangle and adductors canal.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

300 LEVEL
ANA 301    GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM    3 Credits
Vertebral column (vertebral classification), joints, spinal cord. Anterior abdominal wall, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity, the abdominal cavity, abdominal viscera in details, Porto cava anastomosis, kidneys and adrenal glands.  Thoracic diaphragm, sympathetic trunk, posterior abdominal wall muscles, nerve and vessels, back muscles (layers, blood, nerve supply) The bony pelvis, joint and walls, nerves of pelvis, pelvic musculature and fascia, Lymphatic drainage of pelvic viscera, lymphatic drainage of pelvis, pelvic autonomic nerves, perineum, boundaries and subdivisions, peripheral pouches, external genitalia.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 302    GROSS ANATOMY OF THE HEAD AND NECK    3 Credits
Scalp and the face.  Back of the neck, cranial cavities, orbital, parotid, temporal and Infratemporal regions.  The submandibular triangles of the neck.  Deep structures of the neck, thyroid and parathyroid glands; Buccal cavity, Tongue, pharynx and larynx, nasal cavity.  The ear and the eye.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 303    SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY II    2 Credits
Microstructures of the kidneys, urinary bladder, urinary passages, microstructures of testes, intratesticular genital ducts, excretory genital ducts, penis. Microstructures of ovary, oviduct, uterus, placenta, vagina, female external genitalia and mammary glands.
Microanatomy of the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid and pineal glands; the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
15h(T);45(P);C.

ANA 304    NEUROANATOMY        2 Credits
Coverings of the brain, forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord, ventricular system and production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), structures and pathways in the brainstem and spinal cord. The spinal cord.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 305    SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY II    2 Credits
Developmental anatomy of the kidney, urinary bladder, urethra, suprarenal glands. Development of the gonads, testes and ovaries; genital ducts (male and female). Vaginal, external genitalia, descent of testes and ovaries, accessory reproductive organs, Genetic influence on sex gonad genesis, congenital malformations.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 306    SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY II    2 Credits
Developmental anatomy of the head and neck, the neural tube and its derivatives. Congenital anomalies of the brain, spinal cord and the head and Neck.
15h(T);45(P);C.

ANA 307    ENTREPRENEURIAL ANATOMY    2 Credits
Entrepreneurial skills in embalming, prosection, museum specimens, bone production and articulation; plain and histological slide production, photography, photomicrography, motion cinematography, marketing and book keeping. Directing funeral homes and undertaking funeral programmes. Legal Implications of Anatomical activities.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 308    SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY III    2 Credits
Microscopic anatomy of the brain and spinal cord.  Histology of the cellular elements of the nervous system, Meninges, Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar cortex. Nerve degeneration and regeneration.
15h(T);45(P);C.

ANA 309    SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY FOR NON-ANATOMY STUDENTS    3 Credits
Cardiovascular system, skin, glands of the skin, nails, structures of the hair, respiratory system, digestive system and urinary system, electron microscopic observation of each organ.
Microstructure of the kidneys, urinary bladder, urinary passages, microstructures of testes, intratesticular genital ducts, excretory genital ducts, penis. Microstructures of ovary, oviduct, uterus, placenta, vagina, female external genitalia and mammary glands.
Microanatomy of the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid and pineal glands; the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Microscopic anatomy of the brain and spinal cord.  Histology of the endocrine and salivary glands of the head and neck.
30h(T);45h(P).

ANA 310    ANATOMY LABORATORY TECHNIQUES    3 Credits
Histological techniques, photomicrography, tissue preparation and embalming techniques. Frozen section, special staining techniques, microscopic measurement techniques [using stage/eyepiece micrometers]. Cell Counting Techniques involving Stereology.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

400 LEVEL
ANA 401    ADVANCED DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY    3 Credits
A detailed review of the development of the body systems with special emphasis on its application to clinical medicine and research techniques- Teratology; principles of teratogenesis, teratogens, human congenital abnormalities, experimental teratogenesis, applications in drug testing and pregnancy.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 402    COMPARATIVE ANATOMY    3 Credits
Comparative anatomy of major organs/systems in vertebrates. Reasons for the major differences found between humans, other mammals and higher vertebrates. Bipedalism, differences in structures between vertebrates and evolutionary correlates.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 403    HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY    2 Credits
Historical Background, importance of Histochemistry. Basic equipment used. Techniques for carbohydrate, protein, lipids, acid/alkaline and enzyme studies. Neurohistochemistry and immunochemistry.
15h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 404    EVOLUTION    3 Credits
Introduction to evolution, theories of evolution and creation Mechanism and current concepts of evolution, comparative anatomy and choice of experimental animals Darwinism and principles of inheritance. Comparative organology and existential importance of such organs in animal environments.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 405    ADVANCED GROSS ANATOMY    3 Credits
A review of the various systems covered at 200 and 300 levels including anatomical techniques such as cadaver preservation. Prosection of the musculo- skeletal system; detailed studies of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Review of Arthrology and Neuroanatomy.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 406    MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES    3 Credits
This is a course on the principles and techniques of advanced microscopy.  Use of advanced light microscopes will be taught and where possible demonstrated i.e., polarizing microscope, phase contrast microscopy, interference microscopy etc.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 407    APPLIED AND CLINICAL ANATOMY    3 Credits
Application of Knowledge of gross anatomy as studied by dissection of a cadaver to clinical medicine.  Anatomy of common surgical exposures, routine clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, Venepuncture and femoral tap.  Applied anatomy of the eye, pharynx, mouth, anal canal, rectum, perineum and other vital organs.
30h(T);45h(P).

ANA 409    SEMINAR    2 Credits
Each student will present a paper on a chosen topic at the Departmental Seminar. In addition to a seminar presented to an audience of staff and students; each student shall submit the write-up for assessment.
90h(P);C.

ANA 410    PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY    3 Credits
Innate Immunity – factors affecting e.g. age.  Species, anatomical factors, (skin, membranes) etc.  Nutrition, hormones; acquired immunity- active and passive – Factors affecting acquired immunity; Antigens and their determinants; Lymphoproliferative organs and their functions in the immune responses; Structures and functions of Immunoglobulins; Biosynthesis of Immunoglobulins; The thymus and its role in the immune response; Deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity; Hypersensitivity – immediate and delayed Anaphylaxis, Immune tolerance.  Tissue and organ transplantation.  HLA system, Immunosuppression; Malnutrition and Immunity.  Immunity and bacterial infections.  Immunity and viral infections.  Immunity and Protozoan Immunization.  Autoimmunity.  Host preservation of self (Host Surveillance).  
Examples of Autoimmune diseases; possible mechanisms involved in pathogenesis.  Immuno haematology – ABO system, Rhesus incompatibility, Immunity and malignancies, tumor antigens.
30h(T);45h(P).

ANA 411    SURFACE ANATOMY AND ANTHROPOMETRY    3 Credits
Demonstration on surface projections of significant body landmarks, muscles, blood vessels, visceral and other structures. Dermatomes.
Anthropometry- Measurements of various parts of the (living and dead) human bodies for statistical purposes necessary for sex, age, race determination. Secular trends in growth, skin fold measurements and applications. Skeletal anthropometry and its forensic applications. Dermatoglyphics.
30h(T);45h(P);C.

ANA 412    RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY    3 Credits
Basic principles of radiological anatomy as related to structures of the human body, musculo-skeletal system; respiratory system and other body systems by using ionizing radiation and other imaging techniques and modalities.
30h(T);45h(P).

ANA 413    INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY    3 Credits
Definition of concepts. Use of anatomical techniques for determining differences between appearances of body structures in different sexes, ages and races. Application of anthropology in crime detection e.g. making measurements on corpses and analyzing tissues in laboratory to determine causes of death, etc. Advanced Funeralogy and Egyptology.
30h(T);45h(P).

ANA 499    RESEARCH PROJECT    5 Credits
The students in their areas of interest under supervision, will carry out a Research Project supervised by an Academic Staff approved by the Head of Department.
225h(P);C.